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### 7.2 Restricting Pointer Aliasing

As with the C front end, G++ understands the C99 feature of restricted pointers, specified with the `__restrict__`, or `__restrict` type qualifier. Because you cannot compile C++ by specifying the `-std=c99` language flag, `restrict` is not a keyword in C++.

In addition to allowing restricted pointers, you can specify restricted references, which indicate that the reference is not aliased in the local context.

    void fn (int *__restrict__ rptr, int &__restrict__ rref)
    {
      /* … */
    }

In the body of `fn`, rptr points to an unaliased integer and rref refers to a (different) unaliased integer.

You may also specify whether a member function’s this pointer is unaliased by using `__restrict__` as a member function qualifier.

    void T::fn () __restrict__
    {
      /* … */
    }

Within the body of `T::fn`, this has the effective definition `T *__restrict__ const this`. Notice that the interpretation of a `__restrict__` member function qualifier is different to that of `const` or `volatile` qualifier, in that it is applied to the pointer rather than the object. This is consistent with other compilers that implement restricted pointers.

As with all outermost parameter qualifiers, `__restrict__` is ignored in function definition matching. This means you only need to specify `__restrict__` in a function definition, rather than in a function prototype as well.